• Language = English
• ISBN -13 = 978-8194433170
• Paperback = 85 pages
• Publisher = Nitya Publications
• Country of Origin = India

Hydrothermally synthesized rare-earth oxide compounds such as Nd2O3, Dy2O3, Gd2O3, Eu2O3, Y2O3, etc. and hydroxide compounds such as Y(OH)3, Dy(OH)3, Gd(OH)3, Eu(OH)3, Tb(OH)3, etc. have been widely used as high-performance luminescent devices, catalysts and other functional materials based on the electronic, optical and chemical characteristics arising from their 4f electrons. In the crystallization process, surfactant molecules adsorbed on the crystal nuclei serve not only as a growth director but also as a protector to prevent from aggregation of the product. As a result, nanorods were produced. Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and hexadecylamine (HDA) surfactant are plays a key role in controlling the growth and production of oxide phosphors in the hydrothermal method.